Lesson 4: The First Date
Existence of things and the past tense
Xがあります / います #
To refer if there is (or there are) something or someone use あります and います respectively.
For example:
あそこ に マクドナルド が あります (There is a Mcdonald's over there)
Usages of あります #
Ownership #
あります can also be used to describe ownership of something.
For example:
テレビ が ありません (I don't own a television)
時間 が ありますか (Do you have the time?)
Events #
あります can also be used to describe when an event will take place.
For example:
火曜日 に テスト が あります (There will be an exam on tuesday)
明日 は 日本語 の クラス が ありません (There will be no Japanese class tomorrow)
Usages of います #
To refer that there is a person or other living, moving thing, use the verb います.
For example:
あそこ に 留学生 が います (There is an international student over there)
Having relationships #
います can also be used to refer to having relationships with someone such as friends, siblings, etc.
日本人 の 友達 います (I have a Japanese friend)
Describing where things are (relative) #
To describe where things are relative to another thing, the common expression is:
X は Y の
For example:
マクドナルド は あの ホテル の 前です (Mcdonald's is infront of that hotel over there)
The past tense of です #
The past tense of です in the affirmitive is でした while the negative is じゃなかったです.
ソラさん は 学生でした (Sora was a student)
あれ は 日本 の 映画 じゃなかったです (That was not a Japanese movie)
The past tense of verbs #
The past tense of verbs in the affirmative is ました and ませんでした in the negative.
ソラさん は 九時ごろ うち に 帰りました (Sora returned home at about 9)