Existence of things and the past tense

Lesson 4: The First Date

Existence of things and the past tense

Xがあります / います #

To refer if there is (or there are) something or someone use あります and います respectively.

For example:

あそこ に マクドナルド が あります (There is a Mcdonald's over there)

Usages of あります #

Ownership #

あります can also be used to describe ownership of something.

For example:

テレビ が ありません (I don't own a television)

時間 が ありますか (Do you have the time?)

Events #

あります can also be used to describe when an event will take place.

For example:

火曜日 に テスト が あります (There will be an exam on tuesday)

明日 は 日本語 の クラス が ありません (There will be no Japanese class tomorrow)

Usages of います #

To refer that there is a person or other living, moving thing, use the verb います.

For example:

あそこ に 留学生 が います (There is an international student over there)

Having relationships #

います can also be used to refer to having relationships with someone such as friends, siblings, etc.

日本人 の 友達 います (I have a Japanese friend)

Describing where things are (relative) #

To describe where things are relative to another thing, the common expression is:

X は Y の です.

For example:

マクドナルド は あの ホテル の 前です (Mcdonald's is infront of that hotel over there)

The past tense of です #

The past tense of です in the affirmitive is でした while the negative is じゃなかったです.

ソラさん は 学生でした (Sora was a student)

あれ は 日本 の 映画 じゃなかったです (That was not a Japanese movie)

The past tense of verbs #

The past tense of verbs in the affirmative is ました and ませんでした in the negative.

ソラさん は 九時ごろ うち に 帰りました (Sora returned home at about 9)